Mullah Mustafa Barzani and the United States 1960-1975

Karwan Waisy, Rashila Haj Ramli, Helen Hung

Abstract


This article is endeavouring to answer the inquiry of the quality of Kurdish leader discernment in predicting, interpreting, likewise replying to U.S Cold War foreign policy during the Kurdish liberation nationalist movement under leadership of Mullah Mustafa Barzani in 1960s until the collapse of the Kurdish movement in 1975. The main objective of this article is forming the geopolitical and personal reason for Kurdish misinterpretation of U.S foreign policy toward them from 1960-1975. Specifically, the decision-making of long time Kurdish nationalist liberation movement leader Mullah Mustafa Barzani will be examine to reveal both personal and wider socio-political interpretations of U.S foreign policy that led Barzani to make up his mind that compromised the livelihoods of the Kurds of Iraq. 


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References


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Qazi Muhammad was one of the religious Kurdish leaders in the Kurdistan of Iran, he formed the Kurdistan Democratic party of Iran, he also established the Kurdistan Republic in 1946, and the Iranian government punished him in 1947.

The Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (KDP-I) was formed by Qazi Muhammad in the Iranian Kurdistan. The KDP-I is still doing political activities in the Kurdistan of Iran.

The Republic of Mahabad was formed in 1946 by Qazi Muhammad with the support of the USSR, but by the end of 1946 collapsed by the government of Iran.

Quil Lawrence.2008, Ibid, p17.

The Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) was found in 1946 in the Iranian Kurdistan. The KDP leaders led the Kurdish revolution from 1961-1975. The KDP was or is one of the most active Kurdish political party in the Kurdistan region presently.

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Ibid.

Sarah Marif Caruana.2010. pid, p21;Lokman Meho.2009, Ibid, p258.

Lokman Meho.2009, Ibid, p459.

Algemene Geschiedenis. 2014, Ibid, p19.

Naji Talib was one of the stronger Pan-Arab nationalist in Iraq, he became the minister of foreign affairs of Iraq during the regime of Abdul Salam Arif.

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Bryan Robert Gibson.2013, Ibid, p144; Lokman Meho.2009, Ibid, p460.

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Sarah Marif Caruana.2010, Ibid, p22; Lokman Meho.2009, pid, p4461.

, Ibid; Ibid

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Dean Rusk was the U.S Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John. F. Kennedy and Lyndon ,

Lokman Meho.2009, Ibid, p463; Sarah Marif Caruana.2010, Ibid, p23.

Ibid, p463.

Algemene Geschiedenis. 2014, Ibid, p129.

Ibid, p29; Lokman Meho.2009, Ibid, p464.

Algemene Geschiedenis. 2014, Ibid, p29.

Ibid, p30.

Sarah Marif Caruana.2010, Ibid, p25.

Ibid

Bryan Robert Gibson.2013, Ibid, p216.

Abdul Karim Qassim became the prime minster of Iraq after deploying the monarchy of Iraq in 1958. Abdul Salam Arif the leader of the first Baathist coup killed him in 1963.

Algemene Geschiedenis. 2014, Ibid, p59.

Benjamin Kweskin. Fall 2011, Ibid, p3.

Marion Farouk Sluglett and Peter Sluglett.1989, Ibid, p144; Sarah Marif Caruana.2010, Ibid, p26.

Ibid, p147; Ibid, p26.

Marion Farouk Sluglett and Peter Sluglett.1989, Ibid, 159.

Quil Lawrence.2008, Ibid, p25.

Lokman Meho.2009, Ibid, p4640.

Sarah Marif Caruana.2010, Ibid, p27.

Marion Farouk Sluglett and Peter Sluglett.1989, Ibid, p151.

Algemene Geschiedenis. 2014,Ibid,p48; Bryan Robert Gibson.2013, Ibid, p235

Bryan Robert Gibson.2013, Ibid, p235.

Algemene Geschiedenis. 2014, Ibid, p48.

Ibid

Ibid

Quil Lawrence.2008, Ibid, p30.

Hussein Tahiri.2007, Ibid, p114.

Quil Lawrence.2008, Ibid, p31.

Sarah Marif Caruana.2010.pid, p31.

Quil Lawrence.2008, Ibid, p25.

Sarah Marif Caruana.2010, Ibid, p31

Quil Lawrence.2008, Ibid, p25.

Benjamin Kweskin. Fall 2011, Ibid, p3.

Sarah Marif Caruana.2010, Ibid, p31.

Quil Lawrence.2008, Ibid, p29.

Hussein Tahiri.2007, Ibid, p115; Bryan Robert Gibson.2013, Ibid, p236.

Sarah Marif Caruana.2010, Ibid, p31.

Ibid, p32.

Dana Adams Schmidt. 2008, Ibid, p98; Bryan Robert Gibson.2013, Ibid, p136; Hussein Tahiri.2007, Ibid, p115.


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